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USB requires a host of hardware, operating systems and support for external devices can work in three aspects. Board generally supports the current USB function controller chip and the USB interface to plug Zhang. Win9x and Windows2000 operating system, Microsoft's support USB, and provides the underlying driver, the new version of Linux also supports USB. In the USB equipment, there are many companies producing USB-microcontroller, more well-known companies are Motorola MC68HC05 series, Intel's 80931HA, Cypress's CY7C63 series. Can be said that, USB's hair coat has been the support of all hardware and software vendors. Bright future.
1 Windows2000 USB under the framework of
To use the USB host device, there must be drivers. Microsoft operating system, Windows98 supports USB, WindowsNT4.0 does not support USB, NT5.0 (Windows2000) support USB. Windows2000 and Windows98 on the USB support is mainly based on WDM (Windows Driver Model) technology, so USB driver is the WDM driver. WDM driver using hierarchical structure, composed of two parts, one for the function driver, known as the driver, which is responsible for directing the hardware to work, by the class driver and the sub driver form; another driver for the bus , which is responsible for managing the connection between the computer and the hardware. Drivers in the upper and lower functions, some equipment also has a filter driver. Their role is to monitor the implementation of functional driver I / O operation and modify the existing function driver.
windows 72000 USB driver framework by the USB function driver and USB bus driver component. SUB Windows2000 provided by the bus driver, including USB host controller driver (OPENHCI.SYS or UHCD.SYS, they were the main controller to support different SUB), USB HUB driver (USZBHUB.SYS) as well as the controller driver Use the class driver (USBD.SYS). Together, they form the USB driver stack, for all to share USB device drivers. Written by the user or vendor-specific USB device driver is called functional WDM driver or customer-driven program (located in the upper USB driver stack). It does not directly access the hardware, but calls the driver stack to complete the operation on the hardware. USB driver stack by USBDI (USB Driver Interface) driver to provide customers WDM systems.
Under http://www.moonrivershop.info 2000 USB driver stack shown in Figure 1.
Had a driver programming experience know that the preparation of the driver is a very tedious and requires highly skilled work. The USB specification defines a number of class devices, Microsoft provides a class driver for the device's device driver. For these devices, the system can automatically identify them, and do not require additional extra driver, the user simply write ordinary Win32 program can be accessed. Currently, http://www.moonrivershop.info 2000 as HID (Human Input Device manual input device) type, class and other audio equipment to provide a class driver.
HID devices, by definition refers to people who can be used to directly input data to the computer equipment, such as keyboard, mouse, joystick and other virtual reality devices such as data gloves. Although the HID device takes that manual input device, but that small amount of data transfer, slow transfer of equipment, due to similar input device can also be classified as a manual input device, such as remote control equipment, panels and so on. IC card reader device and the exchange of data between computers with a small amount of slow speed, two-way transmission characteristics, which can be categorized as HID devices. HID devices include USB interface devices and other interface devices. USB class specification defines in detail in the manual input device USB interface, and the HID device class standard usage table, any USB HID interface should follow the norms.
Windows98 only support USB HID device interfaces; Windows2000 support the USB interface and other interfaces HID HID devices, Windows2000 provided for the manual input device class support, (...) , including:
(1) windows 72000 include HID driver (hidclass.sys and hidusb.sys, Hidparse.sys) file for USB HID device interfaces provide built-in driver support.
(2) Windows2000 provides HID.dll for the user mode and kernel mode of the program provides some of the available API (Application Programming Interface) and DDI (device driver interface), can be used to write applications based on the HID class.
(3) non-USB interface, or non-HID device driver through the indirect use of the preparation of sub HID class driver, eliminating the need to rewrite the class driver trouble.
Therefore, USB-HID devices, typically users only need to write user-mode client program, 使用 Win32 API function for USB HID devices to operate, no need for the development of additional drivers. However, in some cases, users also need to write some of HID class driver on the kernel client drivers. For example, the need to send commands to the HID devices, not just read or write data, you may need to write the HID kernel-mode process. For the IC card read-write device, since only the data related to the general read and write operations (the data in the IC card and two-way transfer between the host), and the less amount of control operations, do not need to write kernel-mode client driver.
Figure 2 is a client device with the IC card reader interaction.
2 USB Interface HID client
Here that http://www.moonrivershop.info client is running on the host, and USB devices for communication that part of the program. Include two types: user mode windows 7 kernel mode client's customer-driven process. The implementation of USB HID clients two main tasks: device enumeration and device operations. Device enumeration is the client and the USB device interaction,
Accommodation for its configuration, such devices have several configurations, each configuration including windows 7 number of interfaces, and perform some operations such as select configuration, during which the main work is dealing with various types of descriptor structure. Device operation, the client processing requests sent from the user program, windows 7 to communicate with the device, complete the operation.
USB HID client driver does not deal directly with hardware, but by calling, and USB HID class device stack is provided by the DDI service control USB hardware operation. USB client driver control information related to packaging in the URB (USB Request Block) structure as a parameter to the IRP HID class driver, type USB device driver and then call the lower driver stack to obtain the control information , and the specific USB devices to interact, and return the structure to the USB client driver.
USB Interface HID kernel-mode client drivers are WDM drivers, they support Plug and Play and power management. Its structure and general WDM driver, as constituted by many routines. In these routines can be called HID class provides a variety of DDI functions (generally HIDP beginning) to complete operation of equipment.
3 USB interface IC card reader device the user mode client
IC card reading devices manufactured by Cypress CY7C63001A microcontroller. The chip is a one-time programmable 8-bit micro-controller, built-in 1.5Mbps in USB serial interface engine. The chip 35 of the instructions specifically for USB operations, 20 pins, 128 bytes of RAM and 4K bytes of programmable space, can meet the IC card read and write program memory needs. CY7C63001A chip interconnect with the host USB port shown in Figure 3.
3.1 IC card device descriptor part of the structure
HID class specification in accordance with the provisions of a USB interface for each HID device, should contain the following descriptors: device descriptor, configuration descriptor, interface descriptor, HID class descriptors and endpoint descriptors. These descriptors define the basic information of the USB devices, such as retailers, ID (should apply to the USB organization, the equipment used 0X4242H), product ID, configuration number (1), the interface number (1), the endpoint number (1 months, as the default control endpoint, an interrupt input endpoint also included) and equipment types. For the HID device, the interface descriptor need to provide for its class ID is 3, in the HID class descriptors need to provide the descriptor type is 0X21. HID class device's basic communication mechanism is HID report. Each HID device descriptor must define a report for a detailed description of the device report the data protocol and data type. Report descriptor from the main project, composed of local projects and global projects. A report must contain the following items: Input (Output or Feature), Usage, Usage Page, Logical Minimum, Logical Maximum, Report Size, Report Count. Each data item is equal to the bit length of the Report Size × Report Count. Different reports distinguish between adoption of the report ID, usage (Usage) shows that the usage page (Usage Page) all data under a specific meaning or purpose. The size of the report is not affected by the end of the endpoint, the host will automatically be the size of the report broken down into packets for transmission.
This system, IC card data in bytes read, write. Read or write a maximum of 8 bytes, plus the command word (the meaning of that data) windows 7 the end of windows 7 logo, up to 13 bytes. Enter the report descriptor is as follows:
usage 01-vendor defined
usage 02-vendor defined
Logical Minimum (-128)
Logical Maximum (127)
Physical Minimum (0)
Physical Maximum (255)
Report Size (13) (fields) / / A byte is 8 bits
Report Conut (13) (fields) / / maximum of 13 bytes
Input (Data, Variable, Absolute)
In order to better illustrate the device, can also define an optional USB device descriptor string. Defined benefit byte string descriptor is meaningful to the host device display information such as company names, product names, etc., which is very beneficial for non-GM devices. The IC card device for non-generic device, and therefore defines the string descriptor. In addition, (...) , a string language can LanguageID devices, Microsoft provides Chinese LanguageID for the 0804H, the United States English LanguageID to 0409H.
3.2 The establishment of user-mode client steps
HID.DLL HID class driver and USB device provides two types of read and write functions. As the prefix for a class is HidP for kernel-mode client driver. Another category is HidD the prefix for the user mode client. Prepared to use these functions to read and write USB device, follow these steps:
The first step to detect the installed HID devices, or USB device enumeration. And USB devices in the communication, http://www.moonrivershop.info , you must know the equipment configuration, interfaces and endpoints used in the information, but also to obtain the device name.
? First call HidD_GetHidGuid function to get the HID device class ID (GUID);
* Call SetupDiGetClassDevs function query all installed HID device, get a set point of the HID device handle;
* Call SetupDiEnumDeviceInterface HID device function inquiry focused on the interface of each device information;
* For each interface, call SetupDiGetDeviceInterface Detail function to get its detailed information, including device name (the first four bytes), CreateFile with the device name to open device.
* Call SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList release device function information collection.
The second step, open the device, access device capability attribute values as well as equipment description.
* Open the device called CreaterFile function.
* Call HidD_GetAttributes function for USB device related properties. It contains equipment retailer ID, product ID and product version number. This information can determine whether the device is the target device.
* Call HidD_Get PraparsedData function for USB devices pre-analytical data. The data stored in the buffer, the buffer data can also be used for other API functions;
* Call HidP_GetCaps function to obtain from the above buffer capacity on the device (such as usage, size of the report descriptor, etc.) described. Call HidP_GetValueCaps function get each device's input, output and characteristics of reported property values. Call HidD_GetXXXString function, obtain equipment, string descriptions.
The third step, http://www.moonrivershop.info windows 7 HID device interaction.
Host at the receiving report, the need to extract data from the report. As the report contains various types of data, in order to identify different types of data will, HID class provides HidP_GetXxx routine, read from the device in different types of data. If the programmer to know the meaning of all data, you can read data directly ReadDFile function. This procedure ReadFile function read data directly. Similarly, the host sends data to the device when the also first to create reports; to facilitate different types of data sent to the device, HID class provides HidP_SetXxx function. Of course, if the programmer to know the meaning of all data, you can also use the WriteFile function will report directly pass device.